Mickey Mantle :: essays research papers

? Questions1.) How old was paddy field spread out when he joined the New York Yankees?When rice paddy mantle joined the Yankees in 1952 he was 20 years old.2.) In what year did Mickey mantle first play in the World Series?The first year Mickey Mantle played in the World Series was in 1956.3.) In what years did Mickey Mantle win the Triple Crown Award?In 1955, Mickey Mantle won the Triple Crown Award and the more or less Valuable Player award.4.) Where and when was Mickey Mantle born?Mickey Mantle was born on October 20 1931 in Spavinaw, Oklahoma.5.) How many times did Mickey Mantle win The Most Valuable Player award?Mickey mantle won the Most Valuable Player award three times during his career.Chapter SummaryOne of my favorite chapters in this book was chapter fourteen. The name of the chapter is The Leader. The Leader is about how Mickey Mantle became the New York Yankees best player and how he took Joe DiMaggios place on the team. Chapter fourteen is about Mickey Mantles tenth placate. During that season Mickey Mantle batted .317 and won the Triple Crown Award for the second time in a row. Only a few other players receive done that in baseball history. He batted in one ampere-second and twenty eight runs, two away from his career high of one hundred and thirty. That year he also hit fifty-four home runs, breaking Babe Ruths record of fifty home runs. The book Mickey Mantle was mostly about how Mickey Mantle became a player in Major League Baseball. Mickey Mantle was born on October 20, 1931. His Dad was Elven Mantle. He taught Mickey Mantle how to switch hit and play outfield. His mom was Lovell Mantle. He grew up in Spavinaw, Oklahoma. When he was seventeen he went to play minor league baseball. He played for the Kansas-Missouri League. He sign(a) a contract to play for the Yankees in 1951. It was for 50,000 dollars. Mickey Mantle won five MVP awards during his career. In 1961 he signed a contract with the Yankees for 80,000 dollars. At the time he was the highest paid player in the League.Mickey Mantle,Mister YankeeBy Al SilvermanQuestions ?6.) How did Mickey Mantles benefit from be a switch hitter his entire career even though he hit .325 right handed and .285 left handed?If he was up against a left-handed pitcher he could hit right handed if it was a right handed pitcher he could hit left-handed

Information Systems Ethics :: Technology Internet Papers

The area of Information Systems ethics has received a fair amount of attention in recent times. IS Professionals mostly agree that we take on adequate ground rules to govern the use of present day Information Technology. We have also recognized for many years the need to incorporate ethics into IS curricula. Current mechanisms which attempt to make IS professionals and students more sensitive to the ethical concerns within IT and IS may be too tightly focused in terms of both issues and audience, especially in the light of the rapid proliferation of meshwork use.To properly analyze the impact of the Internet on IS ethics, we would need to establish the enchant context. To this end, this paper explores several aspects of computer ethics that are relevant to todays users of IT. For example, who are the throng that need to be educated on these issues? What are the issues, and what has been the impact of the Internet on these issues? What are current attitudes, perceptions, and beha vior in situations involving computer ethics, and what is the effect of the Internet? Do we have guidelines and codes that offer up assistance for these ethical situations? What else needs to be done to help address some of the problems in this important area?The PeopleSolomon and OBrien found that software piracy didnt seem to be much of a problem until microcomputers made their first major corporate and al-Qaida appearance about 20 years ago. Rapid proliferation of inexpensive technology certainly does provide an ample arena for an increase in the unethical use of this technology. Today, the pervasiveness of microcomputer and technology use is not limited solely to IS professionals and students. As early as 1984, in his testimony before the US Congress, computer security expert Robert Campbell accused the computer industry of failing to develop the necessary ethical role model for IT use. He went on to say that the technology had already breached the boundaries of the profession al arena and proliferated into the public domain. Today, technology use spans the widest possible range of activities and often begins at home at an early age. The Internet promises to push this trend forward at a rapid pace. In spite of this growth in use, many people who use technology at home and at work still find it to be a new and rapidly changing phenomenon. As a result, for many users of IT today, just learning how to use this volatile technology is the most important, and often the only, consideration ethics and other related concerns are relegated to the distant background.

Lysistrata :: essays research papers

Lysistrata&8220There is no beast as shameless as a womanAristophanes was a imposture comedy poet in the fourth century B.C. during the time of the Peloponnesian War. Aristophanes&8217 usual style was to be satirical, and suggesting the eccentric. The most absurd and humorous of Aristophanes&8217 comedies are those in which the master(prenominal) characters, the heroes of the story, are women. Smart women. One of the most famous of Aristophanes&8217 comedies portraying powerfully capable women is Lysistrata, named after the female lead character of the play. It depicts Athenian Lysistrata and the women of Athens teaming up with the women of Sparta to force their husbands to conclude the Peloponnesian War. The play is a comedy, which appears to be write for the amusement of men. The play can be seen as a historical address to ancient Greece, but it seems highly unlikely that women would talk with such a crude sexual tone. Instead Lysistrata is strictly a satirical play written may be even to make men doubt the innocence of a woman.If women were such beasts as Euripides stated then would women have managed to seize the Acropolis, and prevented the men from squander them further on the fight. Euripides might have referred to the vulgarity of the women&8217s thoughts and language&8220It&8217s a sair thing, the dear knows, for a womantae sleep alone wi&8217oot a prick &8211 but we maun doit, for the sake of peaceThe language of the women is, as mentioned earlier, strictly for the humor. For Euripides to make such a quote seems rather incorrect. It is to a certain consummation the men who are the shameless beasts who beat their wives and fight senseless wars. Lysistrata, on the contrary shows women acting bravely and even aggressively against men who seem unyielding on ruining the city- state by prolonging a pointless and excessively expending reserves stored in the Acropolis. The men being away at war would come home when they could, sexually relieve them sel ves and then leave again to precede a meaningless war. The women challenge the masculine role model to save up traditional way of life in the community. When the women become challenged themselves they take on the masculine characteristics and defeat the men physically, mentally but primarily strategically. Proving that neither spot benefits from it, just that one side loses more than the other. It gives the impression that the women are heroes and the men are ignorant, which contradicts what Euripides said but is chiefly written to entertain.

The Great Gatsby : The American Dream Essay -- essays research papers

Perception and reality do not always align. Is authorized do really true de fresh in, or is it a fartherce, a self-created mythical re-interpretation of the thing we hold so dear? In The Great Gatsby, is Gatsby really in love with Daisy, or his vision of her? Does she feel the same way for him, or does she truly love him? And what does the green light at the end of Daisys move into hold still for to Gatsby?As Gatsby boil downs in love with Daisy, Nick is slightly intrigued by this almost improbable match. How can a determined, wealthy man fall in love with a woman so shallow that she wishes her daughter to be a fool a beautiful bantam fool. (p. 17)? To everyone else, its limpid that Daisy is highly shallow, but to Gatsby, shes the most beautiful woman with the perfect personality the American Dream, so to speak. So what is he in love with? The Dream, or the Daisy? The Dream, of course. The Daisy he sees is a complete figment of his imagination, a part of his own personal A merican Dream, one that hes striving to have a little piece of. In the beginning of chapter one, we are shown a Gatsby in the middle of one of his weakest moments, when his guard is completely let down and his game buttock is off. He is looking out across the sea, and had stretched his arms toward the water I glanced seawardand distinguished nothing except a single green light far away (p. 21) Obviously, the green light is Dai... The Great Gatsby The American Dream Essay -- essays research papers Perception and reality do not always align. Is true love really true love, or is it a farce, a self-created mythical re-interpretation of the thing we hold so dear? In The Great Gatsby, is Gatsby really in love with Daisy, or his vision of her? Does she feel the same way for him, or does she truly love him? And what does the green light at the end of Daisys dock mean to Gatsby?As Gatsby falls in love with Daisy, Nick is slightly intrigued by this almost improbable matc h. How can a determined, wealthy man fall in love with a woman so shallow that she wishes her daughter to be a fool a beautiful little fool. (p. 17)? To everyone else, its obvious that Daisy is extremely shallow, but to Gatsby, shes the most beautiful woman with the perfect personality the American Dream, so to speak. So what is he in love with? The Dream, or the Daisy? The Dream, of course. The Daisy he sees is a complete figment of his imagination, a part of his own personal American Dream, one that hes striving to have a little piece of. In the beginning of chapter one, we are shown a Gatsby in the middle of one of his weakest moments, when his guard is completely let down and his game face is off. He is looking out across the sea, and had stretched his arms toward the water I glanced seawardand distinguished nothing except a single green light far away (p. 21) Obviously, the green light is Dai...

Clones Essay -- essays research papers

During the past some centuries, technology has reached a new level. With breakthroughs from the intent of electricity to the development of the Internet, these advances nurse made a huge impact on society. Every day brings the pass of what will come next, and what technologies will provided enhance the world. Science fiction novels and movies ar essentially based on the wonder of future technologies. One of the biggest issues in the development of technology is cloning. The word clon is used in earthy different contexts in biological research but in its most straightforward and strict sense, it refers to a precise genetical copy of a molecule, cell, plant, animal, or mankind being.1 Human cloning has been a largely controversial focus in the bea of cloning, mainly, the ethics of cloning. People have differed opinions about the ethics of cloning. Some batch think that cloning is not morally right, cloning is erosion of wish for sexuality, and it is against the will of god, fearing what is new and different. Other people think that cloning is beneficial to children, aiding to infertile couples, medically sufficient, and improving to humanity. Public law and policy also comes into endure in the ethics of cloning. Human copy does take place graphicly to some extent. This is shown when identical twins are conceived. However, the likelihood of this occurrence is limited by chance. Even when identical twins are conceived, they originate from one single zygote that is split during the early stage of pregnancy. Antosh 2Scientists are able to clone DNA, which is the genetic makeup of a human being. These DNA fragments are enlarged in a host cell. This process makes many scientific experiments possible. This process, often callight-emitting diode molecular cloning, is the mainstay of recombinant DNA technology and has led to the production of such important medicines as insulin to treat diabetes, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) to dissolve clots a fter a heart atta... ...ere are many reasons why religions look exhaust upon human cloning. Most importantly, cloning humans is in a sense, playing God. As often happens when a unchewable new scientific tool is developed, the announcement that mammalian somatic cell nuclear transfer cloning was possible generated strong warnings against playing God.8 Religions receive that birth is and should remain a natural process. People should not try to create humans when it is not their pur beat, but only Gods purpose. It is not a human beings right to make a decision on an unnatural creation of another human, especially for the sole benefits to oneself. It is tell in the bible that God created man in his own image. Human cloning would be seen as sinful in the Churchs eyes. Antosh 6There are positive aspects as well as negative aspects to human cloning, but since it is clear that the positive aspects to cloning are limited in their benefits, there is more reason to banning human clonin g. Cloning can get out of control as far as it can pose the threat of people abusing the right of the genetic engineering tool. Although it may enhance the medical field, it would still degrade the sociological structure of todays world. Clones Essay -- essays research papers During the past few centuries, technology has reached a new level. With breakthroughs from the invention of electricity to the development of the Internet, these advances have made a huge impact on society. Every day brings the question of what will come next, and what technologies will further enhance the world. Science fiction novels and movies are essentially based on the wonder of future technologies. One of the biggest issues in the development of technology is cloning. The word clone is used in many different contexts in biological research but in its most simple and strict sense, it refers to a precise genetic copy of a molecule, cell, plant, animal, or human being.1 Human cloning has bee n a largely controversial focus in the area of cloning, mainly, the ethics of cloning. People have differed opinions about the ethics of cloning. Some people think that cloning is not morally right, cloning is erosion of respect for sexuality, and it is against the will of god, fearing what is new and different. Other people think that cloning is beneficial to children, aiding to infertile couples, medically sufficient, and improving to humanity. Public law and policy also comes into play in the ethics of cloning. Human Cloning does take place naturally to some extent. This is shown when identical twins are conceived. However, the likelihood of this occurrence is limited by chance. Even when identical twins are conceived, they originate from one single zygote that is split during the early stage of pregnancy. Antosh 2Scientists are able to clone DNA, which is the genetic makeup of a human being. These DNA fragments are enlarged in a host cell. This process makes many scientific exp eriments possible. This process, often called molecular cloning, is the mainstay of recombinant DNA technology and has led to the production of such important medicines as insulin to treat diabetes, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) to dissolve clots after a heart atta... ...ere are many reasons why religions look down upon human cloning. Most importantly, cloning humans is in a sense, playing God. As often happens when a powerful new scientific tool is developed, the announcement that mammalian somatic cell nuclear transfer cloning was possible generated strong warnings against playing God.8 Religions feel that birth is and should remain a natural process. People should not try to create humans when it is not their purpose, but only Gods purpose. It is not a human beings right to make a decision on an unnatural creation of another human, especially for the sole benefits to oneself. It is said in the bible that God created man in his own image. Human cloning would be seen as sinfu l in the Churchs eyes. Antosh 6There are positive aspects as well as negative aspects to human cloning, but since it is clear that the positive aspects to cloning are limited in their benefits, there is more reason to ban human cloning. Cloning can get out of control as far as it can pose the threat of people abusing the right of the genetic engineering tool. Although it may enhance the medical field, it would still degrade the sociological structure of todays world.

Clones Essay -- essays research papers

During the past few centuries, engineering has reached a bran-new level. With breakthroughs from the invention of electricity to the increase of the Internet, these advances have made a huge impact on society. Every day brings the question of what will engender next, and what technologies will further enhance the world. scholarship fiction novels and movies argon essentially based on the wonder of future technologies. One of the biggest issues in the development of technology is cl matchless. The word clone is used in many different contexts in biological research but in its most simple and strict sense, it refers to a precise genetic copy of a molecule, cell, plant, animal, or charitable being.1 Human cloning has been a largely controversial focus in the area of cloning, mainly, the ethical motive of cloning. People have differed opinions about the morals of cloning. Some pack think that cloning is non morally right, cloning is erosion of respect for sexuality, and it is against the will of god, fearing what is new and different. Other people think that cloning is beneficial to children, aiding to infertile couples, medically sufficient, and improving to humanity. Public law and policy also comes into play in the ethics of cloning. Human clone does take house naturally to some extent. This is sh make when selfsame(a) twins are conceived. However, the likelihood of this occurrence is limited by chance. Even when identical twins are conceived, they originate from one single zygote that is split during the early stage of pregnancy. Antosh 2Scientists are able to clone deoxyribonucleic acid, which is the genetic appointup of a human being. These DNA fragments are enlarged in a host cell. This process makes many scientific experiments possible. This process, often called molecular cloning, is the mainstay of recombinant DNA technology and has led to the production of much(prenominal) important medicines as insulin to treat diabetes, tissue plasmino gen activator (tPA) to dissolve clots after a heart atta... ...ere are many reasons wherefore religions look down upon human cloning. most importantly, cloning humans is in a sense, playing God. As often happens when a powerful new scientific tool is developed, the announcement that mammalian material cell nuclear transfer cloning was possible generated strong warnings against playing God.8 Religions feel that birth is and should extend a natural process. People should not try to create humans when it is not their purpose, but only Gods purpose. It is not a human beings right to make a decision on an unnatural creation of another human, especially for the sole benefits to oneself. It is said in the playscript that God created man in his own image. Human cloning would be seen as sinful in the Churchs eyes. Antosh 6There are positive aspects as well as negative aspects to human cloning, but since it is clear that the positive aspects to cloning are limited in their benefits, ther e is more than reason to ban human cloning. Cloning can get out of control as far as it can pose the threat of people abusing the right of the genetic engineering tool. Although it whitethorn enhance the medical field, it would still degrade the sociological structure of todays world. Clones Essay -- essays research papers During the past few centuries, technology has reached a new level. With breakthroughs from the invention of electricity to the development of the Internet, these advances have made a huge impact on society. Every day brings the question of what will come next, and what technologies will further enhance the world. Science fiction novels and movies are essentially based on the wonder of future technologies. One of the biggest issues in the development of technology is cloning. The word clone is used in many different contexts in biological research but in its most simple and strict sense, it refers to a precise genetic copy of a molecule, cell, plan t, animal, or human being.1 Human cloning has been a largely controversial focus in the area of cloning, mainly, the ethics of cloning. People have differed opinions about the ethics of cloning. Some people think that cloning is not morally right, cloning is erosion of respect for sexuality, and it is against the will of god, fearing what is new and different. Other people think that cloning is beneficial to children, aiding to infertile couples, medically sufficient, and improving to humanity. Public law and policy also comes into play in the ethics of cloning. Human Cloning does take place naturally to some extent. This is shown when identical twins are conceived. However, the likelihood of this occurrence is limited by chance. Even when identical twins are conceived, they originate from one single zygote that is split during the early stage of pregnancy. Antosh 2Scientists are able to clone DNA, which is the genetic typography of a human being. These DNA fragments are enlarged in a host cell. This process makes many scientific experiments possible. This process, often called molecular cloning, is the mainstay of recombinant DNA technology and has led to the production of such important medicines as insulin to treat diabetes, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) to dissolve clots after a heart atta... ...ere are many reasons why religions look down upon human cloning. Most importantly, cloning humans is in a sense, playing God. As often happens when a powerful new scientific tool is developed, the announcement that mammalian somatic cell nuclear transfer cloning was possible generated strong warnings against playing God.8 Religions feel that birth is and should remain a natural process. People should not try to create humans when it is not their purpose, but only Gods purpose. It is not a human beings right to make a decision on an unnatural creation of another human, especially for the sole benefits to oneself. It is said in the bible that God created man in his own image. Human cloning would be seen as sinful in the Churchs eyes. Antosh 6There are positive aspects as well as negative aspects to human cloning, but since it is clear that the positive aspects to cloning are limited in their benefits, there is more reason to ban human cloning. Cloning can get out of control as far as it can pose the threat of people abusing the right of the genetic engineering tool. Although it may enhance the medical field, it would still degrade the sociological structure of todays world.

International and Domestic Marketing Comparison Essay

In todays world, business is commonly acknowledged as international and the general expectation is for this to continue into the foreseeable future. As the world continues to venture into global food markets, not limiting business transactions to internal markets, it is consequential to understand the similarities and differences of conducting business in those markets. The success of businesses in domestic and international markets is dependent on the accuracy and thoroughness of the marketing indoors the respective markets. With that in mind, this written report will compargon and contrast international and domestic marketing with the use of selected international rustic, Germany, versus the United States.Domestic versus International marketAnalyzing domestic and international businesses within the private and public sectors, the most common objective is successfully to function in order to continue operations. Although they share the same ultimate goals, international and d omestic marketing are quite dissimilar. Generally, nation-states differ in the following areasUnique governing systemsLaws and regulationsCurrenciesTaxes and dutiesCultureBusinesses venturing into the international market must understand such differences along with recognizing similarities in buyer behaviors as they differ from country to country. Specific to Germany, a successful business venture must fully comprehend the contradictory environment in order to effectively market a product or service.German vs. U.S. CultureOne of the most important factors that have a major intrusion on marketing in Germany is gardening. Germanys culture includes a long history of musical talent and interest which has continued even in advance(a) culture (ThinkQuest, 1999). Germany ranks as the 5th largest market globally in music record sales and is heavily influenced by telly (ThinkQuest, 1999). Germanys television market encompasses over 34 million households and is by far the largest market in Europe (ThinkQuest, 1999). Television viewers have options for cable or satellite and gouge choose from a variety of free-to-view public and commercial channels (ThinkQuest, 1999). Another major aspect of German culture is sports two of the most popular macrocosm unalike types of motor racing and soccer (ThinkQuest, 1999). Practicalityis a very common characteristic of most Germans that would lead marketers to focus on introducing products and services with a gain purpose and value (ThinkQuest, 1999).U.S. culture, on the other hand, is quite diametric from German culture. Inspired by a combination of European ideals combined with domestic originality, U.S. culture encompasses traditions, ideals, beliefs, customs, arts, and innovation (USA Study Guide, 2007). Much of U.S. culture was not uniquely derived, but imported through colonization and immigration (USA Study Guide, 2007). America has a cockeyed focus centered on civil liberties, national holidays, U.S. sports, and in novation of arts and frolic. National holidays such as Memorial Day, turn over Day, Independence Day, Easter, Thanksgiving, Christmas, and New years are celebrated across the country and many different businesses take advantage of such generation to offer sale prices on products and services provoke customer purchases. Some of the most favorite sports include American football, basketball, and baseball, and Americans are known to spend lost of money during these events.The U.S. is an enormous exporter of entertainment including news, movie, and music. Different types of entertainment are communicated through a variety of venues including television which ranks as on of the top mass media of the U.S. (USA Study Guide, 2007). Statistics show that 97% of Americans own at to the lowest degree 1 television and most have at least three in their household (USA Study Guide, 2007). advert in America is much different from Germany, rather than the focus being on practicality, successfu l marketing in the U.S. highlights the trendiest fashions and creates an image that one just has to have a certain product. U.S. culture is changing it is not static, as the country is known as the largest melting pot in the world, and as new cultures migrate into the U.S. accepted by the majority, the culture continues to evolve.German vs. U.S Laws and RegulationsIn order to tap into the German international market, it is essential for a business to have a clarified understanding of the laws and regulations that govern marketing and advertizing. Marketing and advertising in Germany is governed by very strict laws. In Germany advertising is defined by different typesincludingProduct PlacementPermanent Advertising ProgramsTeleshopping/radio receiver shopping(Zitierung, 1996)For example, in Germany, the most popular television displace are Anstalten ffentlichen Rechts, which means that they are not allowed to receive a profit (Zitierung, 1996). Such television stations are independe nt therefore, government officials cannot directly influence their decisions (Zitierung, 1996).The top managers are appointed by councils who represent major groups within their society including popular semipolitical parties, churches, specific businesses, and unions (Zitierung, 1996). In this case, laws in place prescribe their purpose and internal structure (Zitierung, 1996). Operations are financed through monthly fees acquired from individuals who own either a radio or television (Zitierung, 1996). Financing through television or radio license fee is not permitted. Advertising is restricted to certain times of the day and never interrupts movies or news shows (Zitierung, 1996). Advertising on public television channels may not exceed 20 minutes during the workday, and on private channels may not exceed 20% of daily transmission time (Zitierung, 1996).Marketing and advertising in the U.S., although it is governed by laws and regulations, is much easier than advertising in Germa ny. Although much of the communication to Americans is monitored by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), laws and regulations are more specific to content of ads, fair laws, and intellectual property including copyrights and trademarks (HG.org, 2009). In comparison to governing laws in Germany, advertising on television, for example, is done more freely and frequently in the U.S. There are no strict guidelines that dedicate a small portion of time throughout the day for advertising, thus movies, news programs, and television shows are frequently disrupt for the sole purpose of advertising (HG.org, 2009). In fact, many advertising campaigns purchase prime time spots to run commercials for their product during the most popular television shows and sports games such as during NFL games and American Idol to name a few.German vs. U.S. EconomyGermanys economy is one that is heavily export-oriented, the country is the worlds leading exporter of merchandise,and thus this is a key element in German macroeconomic expansion (ThinkQuest, 1999). Germanys currency is the Euro and its monetary policy is set by the European Central Bank in Frankfurt Germany (ThinkQuest, 1999). Germanys financial system is not driven by the stock market in fact, it is a financial system that is bank oriented. Employment is deregulated in Germany the unemployment rate is a continuous problem, along with bureaucracy regulations that cause burdens on new and incumbent businesses (ThinkQuest, 1999). agribusiness is extremely productive in Germany the country domestically produces over 90% of its needed nutrition and is known for its high level of industrialization (ThinkQuest, 1999).The U.S. economy differs greatly from the structure of the German economy. It is the largest national economy in the world maintaining a stable GDP growth rate and continued low unemployment rate (United States surgical incision of Labor, 2009). The U.S. is one of the mo st significant nations in the world of international trade the country leads the world in exports year over year while simultaneously remaining one of the top three exporters of goods (United States Department of Labor, 2009). U.S. currency is the American dollar and its banking system relies heavily on the stock market. The U.S. has major economic concerns as it related to external debt because as baby boomers are beginning to retire and collect Social Security, monies are running low (United States Department of Labor, 2009).ConclusionIn conclusion, Germany is quite different from the United States in terms of how the country operates including the government of marketing and advertising. An individual traveling from his home country to do business in a foreign country must conduct extensive market research prior to developing a marketing and advertising plan. It is essential to understand the different aspects of the country in order to effectively position and market a product o r service. Doing business in a foreign country involves many different variables and more complexity than doing business at home. Success is dependent on the accuracy of market research and the companys ability to manage from a local perspective with the absolute correct marketing mix.ReferencesHG.org. (2009). Advertising, Marketing & Promotion Law Guide toAdvertising, Marketing & Promotion Law. Retrieved June 16, 2009 from http//www.hg.org/advert.html.ThinkQuest (1999). German Culture. Retrieved June 15, 2009, from http//www.tlc.kherson.ua/alex/germanculture.htm.United States Department of Labor (2009). Economy at a Glance. Retrieved June 16, 2009 from http//www.bls.gov/eag/eag.us.htm.USA Study Guide (2007). The international student guide to education and study in the USA. Retrieved June 15, 2009 from http//www.usastudyguide.com/americanculture.htmZitierung, Autor (1996). German Broadcast Advertising Law. Online Journal Recht. Retrieved June 16, 2009, from http//www.ojr.de/index. html?/1996/36.htm.

A Soul Built Through Pain and Suffering Essay

Similar to imprints on sand or carvings in wood, character is moulded and developed by indents through pain and suffr develop. In the novel, The White Tiger, Aravind Adiga explores the dark realities of Indias caste system with a story of a man who broke through the division. The quote by Helen Keller, Character cannot be developed in ease and quiet. Only through experience of trial and suffering can the soul be strengthened, intake inspired, and success achieved, is seen through Balrams journey as he overcomes obstacles to achieve his success. Adiga illustrates that one cannot see dependable light of a strong soul, inspired ambition and success, with out(p) the struggles of being in true darkness and the disadvantages that come along with it.Balram Halwai is raised in the lower-social caste town of Laxmangarh, India, where he is forced to deal with indignities caused by his familys poverty. Balram witnesss the cobblers last of both of his parents, from illnesses in both of which could have been cured had he been in a higher-caste system of society. His acquire, Vikram Halwai, died of mis administered tuberculosis. Balram exclaims the ignorance of the governance as they failed to appropriately care for his fathers condition and deathThe ward boys made us clean up our Father before we could remove the body. A goat came in and sniffed as we were mopping the blood transfer the floor. The ward boys petter her and fed her a plump carrot as we mopped our fathers infected blood slay the floor.(Adiga 42)The lack of care exhibited by the hospital emphasizes the harsh reality of righteous how terrible life is for the impoverished in India. Balram spoke in high sinlessness of his father and mentions that his father never crouched, like the servants were expected to on his hypothesise that he preferred to stand (Adiga 20). A life of a man that Balram see and loved, a life that protected him against his worst fear of lizards, and taught him how to have pride in everything he does a life Balram held with the utmost importance and praise was the like life that later had to be mopped off the floor by his very own son. The negligence of military man life desensitized Balram at a young age and strengthened his soul by realizing the dog-eat-dog society he lives in. Following his fathers death, Balram soon realizes he doesnt only live in a dog-eat-dog society, but a dog-eat-dog home, too. Balram reminisces on his encounter with his br some other and notesI couldnt stop prizeing of Kishans body. They were eating him alive in there They would do the same thing to him that they did to father scoop him out from the inside and leave him weak and helpless until he got tuberculosis and died on the floor of a government hospital(Adiga 74)Balram recognizes that the women he used to live with before becoming a driver especially his grandmother use the men for hard labour to earmark for the family, wearing them down to the bone. His grandmothers f urther letters of blackmail demanding money from Balram are another clear example of selfishness within the family. This realization strengthens Balrams soul even more by teaching him that he is truly alone and that no one not even his own family is willing or wanting to help guide him forward. If he is going to make it out of the darkness, Balram knows it will have to be on his own.Consequently, the pain and suffering triggered Balrams ambition to veer the direction of his predetermined life of poverty into something more. Balram uses the rooster coop as his analogy of life for the low-caste system in India. He explainsHundreds of pale hens and brightly coloured roosters stuffed tightly into wire-mesh cages, packed as tightly as worms in a belly, pecking each other and shitting on each other, jostling just for breathing space the whole cage giving off a horrible stenchThe roosters in the coop smell the blood from above. They see the variety meat of their brothers lying around t hem. (Adiga 147) He compares the chickens to the people in his country as neither of them are attempting to escape their cages, The very same thing is done with human beings in this country (Adiga 148). He details how the coop is self-trapping and comes to a conclusion that only through individual attain can one break out of the coop. This realization gives Balram a will and determination to escape the rooster coop. As Mr. Ashoks personal driver, Balram is forced to social occasionake on more roles in the job such as giving the Stork foot massages, cooking, cleaning, and almost having to be framed for a murder he did not commit.When Balram finally starts cheating his master off his money, he expresses that, Instead of guilt, what did I feel? Rage. The more I stole from him, the more I realized how much he had stolen from me. (Adiga 196). This is a milestone in Balrams life as he finally changes from the quiet, hard worker but begins to realize that he was facing numerous unnecessa ry humiliations, none of which were part of the job. He knows that the prolific are treating him like an animal and that is a feeling that no amount of rupees can compensate for. Through the disloyalty towards his master, Balram demonstrates ambition by winning action in getting closer to his dream of escaping his servant status which is done by escaping the rooster coop.As a result of taking action to liberate himself from the rooster coop, he achieves success. Balram murders his master, Mr. Ashok, and steals his bag enclosed with thousands of rupees. He uses his reoccurring analogy of the rooster coop to validate the murder of his master by stating, I think the Rooster Coop needs people like me to break out of it. It needs masters like Mr. Ashok who, for all his numerous virtues, was not much of a master to be weeded out, and exceptional servants like me to replace them (Adiga 257). The murder of Mr. Ashok was the final action that all of his previous small acts of cheating an d stealing led up to. The money Balram gained from the murder provided him a chance at a new life filled with endless opportunities.He chooses to start his own taxi production line and explains, Once I was a driver to a master, but now I am a master of drivers. I dont treat them like servants I dont slap, or bully, or mock everyone. I dont insult any of them by calling them family, either. Theyre my employees Im their boss, thats all. (Adiga 259). This shows the contrast of his life and how far he has come. His life takes a complete turn, as he changes roles from servant to master. It also foils the characters of the rich and corrupted masters Balram encounters in his life, as it emphasizes his moral character. Balram achieves his success but still remains a fair, professional boss nothing like the other masters in India.His struggles drove Balram to fight for a life of freedom and dignity. He re-evaluates the actions he had to take in order to achieve this success and questions, argon you a man or a demon? and quickly justifies it with, Neither, I say. I have woken up, and the rest of you are still sleeping and that is the only conflict between us (Adiga 271). Balram realized the dog-eat-dog world he was faced with and knew from a young age that it was every man for himself. He had no advantages above any single other person living in the low-social caste. He was equally impoverished but woke up and broke free.Throughout the course of his life, theres not a minute where Balram does not see suffering. Pushed by his dark life of having watched his parents die, and being stripped of his dignity by the rich, Balram becomes determined to raise himself up from the darkness and into the light. He takes the necessary action of murdering his master to carry out his plan of escaping the rooster coop.His hardships are finally rewarded by the honest taxi beau monde he establishes. Had Balram never been encaged, he would not appreciate the beauty of his freedom as mu ch as he does now. One who has never seen a cheerdown cannot fully appreciate the sunrise, and one whos never felt the storm cannot fully appreciate the sun. Balrams seen both dusk and dawn and rain and sun which allows him to appreciate the light a little more than ever.

A Gun- Never Friend with Peace

Is it possible to have a hit man-free environment? Yes it is, if only everyone leave behind maintain a harmonious relationship with each other, if everyone will help in obtaining peace and if everyone will not bring guns.To some people, gun means independence, protection and defense. (Harcourt, Bernard. speech of the wedge Youth, Crime, and Public Policy, University of Chicago Press 2006).How fag it be that gun self-command law is a need for personal rubber? For me, it is unnecessary to have a gun possession law for ones safety.Gun at times is the source of injury and worst of all death. whatever gun experienceers ab go for the use of their guns.Since the early times gun abuse is already present.In the 19th century and early 20th century cheap revolvers ar called Suicide Special. What does this really mean? Suicide special is a mass manufacture of cheap guns and many suicides were committed with this kind of guns.The purpose of Gun Control Act of 1968 is said not to take for guns but rather to control blacks and minorities. (Sherrill, Robert. The Saturday Night Special, New York, Charterhouse 1973, p. 280-91.)The Gun Control Act didnt control the use of guns but instead gun owners use their guns to terrorize and discriminate other people.Cheap pistols are widely use today because minorities and even the poor can easily afford it. Cheap handguns have a magnetic effect on students. Before, schools are safe refuge from violence. In recent years, there is a shocked because of multiple killings in schools caused by students. (Elliot et al. Violence in American Schools A New Perspective, Cambridge University Press 1998).Why did this happen? It is because of laws that legalize the possession of guns. A handgun means fame to students, fame that leads to an abuse on its use.Power is often associated with guns and youngsters are attracted to the feeling of having the power to control others in their own hands. Violence in schools due to guns is also present. Students disceptation regarding to academics, partners, and peers often causes group nuisance and killings. Since handguns are inexpensive, there will be no control on the illegal or even legal possession of it. So what is the use of a law n gun possession if the production of it is uncontrolled? It is worthless.Weaponry is seen as a central stimulus to the commission of strong-growing acts. The use of handguns causes fear and loathing effect in the environment. . (Wright et el. Under the Gun Weapons Crime and Violence in America, Aldine Transaction1983)Guns are also associated to burglary. Robbers use guns and sometimes use synthetic guns to threat their target.Homicide is also associated in the abuse of the use of guns. Lets take for example a professional man who caught his wife with some other man. The scene is the wife is having an intimate affair with another man, her hus criminalized caught her in the middle of the act and due to great anger and shame he pulls his gun sho ot his wife immediately. The point here is that if the husband doesnt have a gun, things business leader shift and instead of killing his wife he might just talk to her, clarify things and get a divorce.In order to obtain a gun free world according to the gun free groups is to ban laws regarding gun possession. Lets try imagining enactment of laws which forbid all non-government posses decree involves mainly those who are ready to obey them.When there is a discontented must and money to be made there is more often than not a way just about the law. In the black mart where restricted goods are illegally sold at a higher price, guns are sold privately. There were as many as 2 one thousand thousand illegal guns on the street in 1993.The implication were that all those guns were in the hands of criminals, and the insinuation was that seizing the guns would make the city a safer place.Laws imposing straight off globally arent good enough. A steel hand in imposing the law might give real teethFor our, government, possession of guns wont help. As long as officials are allowed to have guns, there will always be gun manufacturers. Government officials sometimes protect gun manufacturers for their own sake. They might even corrupt and supply guns to the black market.Kleptoracies is a form of dictatorship. In our world, most of our leaders are kleptomanias. We dont like Kleptoracies in our government. Gun laws are used to deceive tax payers so that they can corrupt more for their own fortune.Gun laws is good but dont we intend that were being too unmotivated? Gun law is not enough to secure personal safety for ourselves.Peace is in our hands. Let us change our strategies. Imagine, aim and create a gun-free world and dont just wish for laws. Vanish all the guns evens those who are owned by government and its officials. adjoining all the gun factories, too. Lets start a new and clean beginning.Peace for all.BibliographyElliot et al. Violence in American Schools A N ew Perspective, Cambridge University Press 1998.Harcourt, Bernard. Language of the Gun Youth, Crime, and Public Policy, University of Chicago Press 200.Sherrill, Robert. The Saturday Night Special, New York, Charterhouse 1973, p. 280-91.Wright et el. Under the Gun Weapons Crime and Violence in America, Aldine Transaction, 1983.

Environmental Analysis Essay

IntroductionThis essay will discussed wizard of the most controversial environmental issue clime miscellany along with some of the facts including how people first discover that climate alter does existed as well as legitimation in climate revision globally public debate and the way in which government response to this issue. Furthermore this paper will discuss the role of science to identify the existence of climate change.Identification and legitimation of the issueClimate change is one of the biggest environmental challenges that the world encounters. It has obvious impact on our planet causing higher temperature, shimmy seasons, sea levels rising. These phenomenon are closely tide up with worlds economic as it affect businesses around the world. The British government report warned if no action is taken to control carbon emissions climate change would cost 5 to 20 percent of the annual global gross domestic product. (Climate change impacts, 2011).The United Nations intergo vernmental Panel on Climate change published a report in 2007 regarding the discovery of Global Warming since the twentieth Century. (IPCC, 2011). The possible reason for this phenomenon may be caused by human activity. The appropriate definition is explained by the IPCC, which states that climate change is a change of climate which is attributed at a time or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over corresponding time periods. (IPCC, 2012)Many countries surrender taken the initiative to legislate appropriate regulation regarding climate change. In 2010 a published article noted that Qinghai is one of the first province to establish a regulation that holds local government and state owned enterprises response in coping with climate change (Xinhuanet, 2010). The statistic have shown that Qinghai s temperature in general has been rising by 0.35 centigrade every(prenominal) ten years compare to the worlds average of 0.13 centigrade. (Mu Xuequan, 2010). This regulation will nervous strain the importance and specified the local governments responsibility on climate change.Public DebateThe argument around the topic of climate change is one of the most controversial topic because it involved in whether climate change is man made or its simply nature forces. Some scientist believes that the temperature of res publica is actually getting colder not warmer due to the cycle of the sun. This is known as the Sunspot cycle, sun gets a little bit hotter and colder every 11 years and when it gets colder it causes the temperature of earth to get colder too. Other scientist argued that the change of temperature is so small that it can barely be detected.Most scientists agree that an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is the main cause of global warming. They argued about the details of the effects of global warming on the earth. However it i s broadly agreed that it will lead to worldwide changes in weather patterns, gradual melting of the ice caps and rising sea levels. These changes will impact on your lifestyle, kitchen-gardening and the survival of other organism. (Haire, M et al, 2000).Energy savings, emissions reductions and water imaginativeness conservation and many other works related to climate change need to be consideredGovernment policy responseRecent years many countries have impose law relevant to combat climate change. Energy savings, emissions reductions and water resource conservation and marketing green have been the primary goal amongst most organization. Country like Australia is promoting energy efficiency measures through a wide ply of programs and rebates. The election of Kevin Rudd in 2007 especially shows a major change of the Australian government policy through Australias ratification of the Kyoto Protocol.In monetary value of some specific initiatives the Australian government also cont inue the measure of mandatory renewable energy target scheme. And since 2010 the Government also established a climate change committee with the main purpose of investigate options for implementing a carbon price and help build consensus on how Australia will tackle climate change (Parliament of Australia, 2012)Role of scienceScience has played an important part in proving the existence of climate change by observation and experiment. This graph higher up depicts the global change in sea level since the end of the last ice age. During this 15,000 year period sea level has increased approximately one hundred twenty-five meters.ConclusionBy evaluating the historical development of climate change we can conclude that climate change is the most important and challenging environmental issue. no matter of the disagreements, climate change has been proven exist by scientific research. It has drawn the public attention and requires international cooperation among different governments.Re ferenceHaire, M et al (2000). shopping mall Science3. Singapore Kyodo. P110-111.IPCC (2011) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. online Available at http//www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/syr/ar4_syr_cn.pdf Accessed 27 Jul 2012.Parliament of Australia (2012) Australian government response to climate change. online Available at http//www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/Browse_by_Topic/ClimateChange/ memorial tablet/Domestic/national Accessed 27 Jul 2012.Sunspots and climate (2000) Sunspots and climate. online Available at http//www-das.uwyo.edu/geerts/cwx/notes/chap02/sunspots.html Accessed 27 Jul 2012.The Nature Conservancy (2012) Climate Change Impacts. online Available at

Marketing Plan Phase III

Panera Bread would like to announce a new cyber-cafe available at all locations. This product has been upgraded to assist the evolution desire for a full service Internet annoyibility location. A plan consisting of four-phases has been developed to market the new product. Currently most locations provide fire wireless Internet access to their customer base. Panera has the biggest free wireless network in the USA.During the peak hours of business the customers bequeath have a limit descend of time to use the Internet the time limit is 30-60 minutes (Absolute Astronomy, 2011). However with the upgrade the locations go away not have to limit the number of computers or a time limit. Phase One Upgrade the Internet accessibility at all Panera Bread locations Development of product One in three households has never used a computer. 18% of American households do not own a computer or have Internet access (Absolute Astronomy, 2011). SWOTT An analysis of the cyber-cafe will find the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats, and trends in the market. Market Research Panera Bread will distribute a survey to the companys customer base that will lapse to a better understanding of the consumers requires for Internet accessibility. Phase Two Marketing to Consumers Target Market Consumers between the age of 18-50 Consumers Consumers want to access the Internet for various reasons such as keeping in touch with family, friends, accessing research data, and more. Competitors Knowing the possible competitors and what they will offer. Phase Three Expectations of the New Cyber-cafe Attributes A larger server and reasonably priced cycle Expected product life cycle for the cyber-cafe will be approximately 10 years. The reaction expected from competitors will cause a high incentive to duplicate Paneras new era of cyber-cafes. Strategy and Price The basic strategy is to provide a need to the consumers of Panera Bread.The services cost will be in a price range that everyone can afford. Phase Four Launching the cyber-cafe * The new improved dress to handle the increase in volume * The product will be put into 10 different locations for testing the new service. With the company following the four-phase plan, the circumspection has high expectations for the cyber-cafes success. Panera Bread does not expect the service to start declining for at least six years.

Philosophy -210: Appearance vs. Reality Essay

Abstract What is familiarity? How do we come to have knowledge? What are the different sources of knowledge? How do we know anything at altogether? The philosophers and theories I will cover here are not bear on with knowledge itself but how we actually gain knowledge. How do we gain knowledge? argon we born with it? How do we know what weve learned is in truth. That is some of the questions these philosophers try to answer with their theories on knowledge. But do we agree or disagree with them? That is the question. Introduction. onwards we begin discussing philosophers and their theories we moldiness have a basic understanding of Epistemology which is the branch of philosophy concerned with the study of knowledge and belief. There are two schools of approximation in epistemology, rationalism and empiricism. Empiricists like Bertrand Russell and David Hume believe that sense experience is the ultimate starting point for all knowledge and that knowledge is obtained from experien ce only. But but rationalist like Rene Descartes claimed that the ultimate starting point for all knowledge is not the senses but reason and that knowledge can only be obtained finished logic and reasoning.Philosophy is not a waste of time It is a way to open new doors within ones mind. (Bertrand Russell. ) Bertrand Russells turn up on appearance versus reality attempts to do just that and open ones mind to considering how things we see are not really as they seem. Is there any knowledge in the world which is so certain that no reasonable person could doubt it? Bertrand Russell circa (1872-1970) page. 73-77 & page. 82 86. Russell believed that all knowledge is ultimately derived from our sensorial perceptions of the world around us. Russell coined the term sense data in his attempt to discern the relationship between appearance and reality.Sensory data is how an individual would distinguish things based on touch, smell, taste, sight, or auditory stimulation. Can it not be man ipulated? If an individual is under the influence of alcohol or drugs is there sensory schooling not impaired by the effects of both. I believe the point Russell is trying to make is that what is real to us may not be real at all. But do you agree with him. What would his counter parts think of his theories? Would Descartes agree? What about Hume. Rene Descartes circa (1596-1650) page. 87-91 Descartes believed that pure reason is the most reliable form of knowledge, he was a rationalist.He did not believe that the information gained through our senses was reliable and that our senses could be deceived. He doubted the reliability of sense perception and believed that knowledge could only be obtained through the methodical application of reason. With that said, what would Descartess think of Bertrand Russells theories regarding how knowledge is obtained? Would Russells theories conflict with his own? * I believe Descartes would challenge Russells theories by arguing that you could no t rely solely on sensory information in order to gain knowledge.Descartes would say that we experience sensory stimulation eon sleeping therefore we cannot only rely on sensory input as the only form of learning. He would claim that certain things in the human race are naturally constant and not open to interpretation or manipulation. III. David Hume circa (1711-1776) page 108-117 David Hume believed that all human knowledge is based on relations amongst ideas or what he called sense impressions, and that knowledge depends entirely on the evidence provided by our senses. Therefore anything not given an experience is a mere invention and must be discarded.He believed that human reason or inquiry could be divided into two categories, relations of ideas and matter of fact. As with Russell, Hume was an empiricist. He was more concerned about what and how we know and not with what is actually the case. Although Hume and Russell differed in their philosophical theories I believe they wo uld agree with one another to an extent. Conclusion I cant say I disagree with any one of the philosophers theories referenced in the text. In fact I personally believe that you have to apply all of their theories in order to gain knowledge.We do learn from example and from experience, but yet some things cant be explained by logic and reasoning. Are babies not born hungry? If they are born with no knowledge how do they know theyre hungry. I believe in order to in truth gain knowledge you must keep an open mind to all possibilities and forms of learning. Works Cited Bertrand Russell. (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). N. p. , n. d. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. . Cahn, Steven M. Exploring Philosophy An Introductory Anthology. New York Oxford UP, 2000.Print. David Hume. (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). N. p. , n. d. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. . Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Hume, DavidA . N. p. , n. d. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. . Online Research in Philosophy. Steven M. Cahn (ed. ), Expl oring Philosophy An Introductory Anthology. N. p. , n. d. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. . Rene Descartes. Rene Descartes. N. p. , n. d. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. .

Phase 1 Individual Project

Phase 1 Individual Project The Classroom Predicament Case Study Violet has persuaded Adrian into taking a adventure on plagiarism by using someone else playact. I think her crop should be a 2. However because Violet is non the bookman in this case she can non be held responsible for her actions. Although I do feel that maybe if she would incur helped Adrian with some of the work load on the job Adrian could have took the quantify to write her protest paper. Encouraging a student to cheat is good as wrong as the student that has decided to submit a paper that is not ones own.Louise is not the student in this case but he/she obviously has been or is a student. thence he/she is puff up awargon of Academic Integrity Policy. I will have to rate her at a 3 because she did send the email as an attachment to Adrian. Encouraging a student is just as blameable as submitting the assignment essay writer life hacks. professor Johnston because of his job at the University he is not abl e to bend the rules for Adrian. I think the Professor should be rated at a 4.There are galore(postnominal) ship canal to help students that are in this type of situation (overwhelmed) because many students prefer to take beat away from school and never return. dean Richards cannot be held responsible for his actions because he is only following protocols. Therefore he can only talk with Adrian and Professor Johnston to get an understanding of her actions. He will have to be ranked at a 5. Adrian is the most responsible I think she should be rate at a 1. Adrian is mindful of the Academic Integrity Policy and she understands the consequences that are listed.I think Adrian should have took the period to write her own paper during her down time whether it was on her lunch break or still after work. However because the paper has been submitted I think Adrian should try to go back and submit her own work and see if the Professor would accept it and just deduct points for what she ha s done. An alternate strategy is to talk to the Professor if that does not work I think she should talk to her Academic Advisor or even out the Dean to take some of her load off until she is able to handle things at a normal rate again.I believe if she would have communicated with her node she would have been in a better situation to catch up and complete all of her assignments on time without plagiarizing. In the future I recommend Adrian talk with her boss as well as her co-workers to get the help she need at work in order not to lose focus on her job. Then for her school work if she feels she is not able to perform at her best even with putting her all into it I think she should just take a break and try it later. Now she has a penalty on her record for plagiarizing.Students that are working full-time and have a family are faced with these situations often. There are many ways to communicate with school faculty to get the help one may need or even ones co-workers on the job. R ob was Adrians boos in this situation. I do not think that Rob is aware that Adrian is a current student in this situation and there is nowhere in the reading it is mentioned. I think Rob should be rated at a 6 because she is swamped at work with things to complete and because of her workload increase she is not able to maintain her assignments as a student.

Hot Wire Laboratory

THE UNIVERISTY OF MANCHESTER SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL, AEROSPACE AND CIVIL ENGINEERING LABORATORY REPORT instrumentality AND MEASUREMENT VORTEX throw off FROM A CYLINDER & DATA ACQUISITION NAMEMANISH PITROLA STUDENT ID75050320 frameMEng MECHANICAL ENGINEERING collect(p) DATE27TH NOVEMBER 2012 1) What argon the main advantages and disadvantages of victimisation a hotwire to measure persist velocities?There be m some(prenominal) advantages and disadvantages of employ a hotwire to measure ladder velocities, one of the main advantages is the hotwire produces a continuous latitude outturn of the focal ratio at a particular point, and hence knowledge about the pep pill hind end be obtained for any specific time. Another advantage of apply a hotwire anemometer is the ability to imitate fluctuating velocities to a high accuracy. Also another advantage of using a hotwire anemometer is the sensor is able to relate the voltage and the velocity using hotwire theory. besides ma ke up though hotwire anemometer is an capable withall to obtain selective information it has its drawbacks.Read thisRespiratory ActivityOne disadvantage of using a hotwire is that it has to be calibpace due to the theory not coinciding with actual information and the hotwire journey only obtain the order of magnitude of the flow and not the direction. Another disadvantage of using a hotwire is the irregular effects that make pass such(prenominal) as contamination and probe vibration. Some systematic effects that affect the data are the ambient temperatures and eddy shedding from the wire. One of the main disadvantages of using a hotwire is the output depends on both velocity and temperature, so when the temperature of a fluid increases the measured velocity obtained are too low and adjustment is required. ) wherefore is setting the correct sample dissemination calculate important in digital data acquisition? What observational parameters or requirements apprise be r ehearsed to establish the optimum consume rate? What may regain if the wrong consume rate is utilize? Using the correct taste rate is important be acquire if the anomalous ingest rate is used some aliasing effects may occur, presenting lean data where important data is ignored if the consume rate is to a lower place the optimum, and if the sampling rate is supra the optimum to a greater extent close data is obtained which carries the same trend as the optimum with few overrefinement which are not required.This lot cause inadequacy of the data, where recording is not frequent enough or too frequent. The optimum sampling rate muckle be established using the Nyquist theory which states that the maximal measures oftenness is half the sampling frequency, however the bandwidth of the signal needs to considered, the rule for obtaining the sampling frequency of any probe must be at least 2. 5 times greater than the maximum frequency present. 3) Show how the sampling rate w as determined for this experiment.What was the sampling rate? For a flow around a cylinder an empirical singing between the vortex shedding frequency and Reynolds bet (Re) is used to mother the sampling rate. The relationship below is used to find the frequency in the flow where the Strouhal number is 0. 2, diam (d) is 15mm and the free swarm velocity (U0) is 10m/s. St=fdU0=0. 1981-19. 7Re? 0. 2 Then by simple algebraic rearranging the frequency is prepare to be 133. 3Hz. Therefore the maximum frequency experienced is 2f = 2*133. 3 = 266. 6Hz.To obtain the optimum sampling frequency we simply by using Nyquist theory multiply the maximum frequency by 2. 5 providing an optimum sampling rate of 666. 5Hz. The values for the sampling rate were taken as 330Hz, 660Hz and 1320Hz for experimental purposes to analyze the over and under sampling of data. 4) In the experiment the hotwire was graduate in terms of velocity vs (E-E0)2. temporary hookup out the standardizations for U = B ((E-E0)2)n and the miscellaneous multinomials. Compare the different lines. Which is the silk hat to use? presage 1 excogitation 2 effigy 3 insert 4 From the to a higher place graphs is push aside be seen that the best calibration to use is the cubic calibration ( aim 2) as this fits the actual velocity line more accurately. 5) If the velocity higher than the ones calibrated foer was measured, which calibration is likely to pass outside the best extrapolated data? normal 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 From the above graphs it can be seen that the worse extrapolated data is found using the quartic calibration and the best extrapolated data can be found using the analog calibration of A(V-Vo2)n.Also higher order polynomial extrapolation can produce invalid values and as a topic the defect will elaborate as high order of polynomials are used, so therefrom the linear relationship is recommended. 6) In a fast Fourier transform (FFT) the data in the time doma in is reborn to the equivalent data in the frequency domain. The received data can therefore be considered as the sum of a serial publication of sine waves of regularly spaced frequencies, with different magnitudes and phases. How is the frequency detachment in the FFT determined? How can the frequency interval in an FFT be reduced?What impact could this have on an experiment? The frequency interval can be obtained by dividing the sampling rate by the number of samples used. For 660Hz the number of samples is 1024, so therefore the frequency interval is 660/1024 = 0. 6445. The frequency intervals can be reduced by increasing the number of samples used this is advantageous as it gives a more accurate representation of the original signal. 7) Considering the FFT data, what can be through with(p) in an experiment to isolate genuine signals from random fluctuations in the data? Give an example of this in graphical form.Figure 9 Figure 10 From figure 9 it can be seen that the pea k is unavailable as the data is very noisy which could be due to disturbances. However this can be pass over by averaging the FFT which allows us to easily identify peaks which can be seen from figure 10. 8) In this experiment, why are 2 frequency peaks seen on the FFT when the hotwire is near the centre line? 2 frequency peaks can be seen on the FFT at the centreline due to the 2 vortices induced by the cylinder but as you move outdoor(a) from the centre line only one of the vortices is predominant.The two peaks occur at 129Hz and 250Hz. 9) With increasing quad from the centreline, how does the FFT distribution change? Include graphs to illustrate this for dissimilar locations crossways the wake. From the below figures it can be seen that as you move away from the centre line the peaks in the FFT distribution disappear. Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 10) dapple the chance distribution histograms of velocity for various positions acro ss the wake.What does the histogram show and how can the strain in the histograms be explained in terms of the properties of the flow? Figure 17 Figure 18 Figure 19 Figure 20 Figure 21 Figure 22 By comparing the above probability distribution figures it can be seen that with distance away from the centreline the flow velocity develops a more uniform velocity. It can be seen that within the 40mm distance away from the centreline, the probability distribution of the velocity produces immense distribution of velocities this is due to the various velocities inside the wake and upthrust.For distance more than 40mm away the probability distribution of velocity becomes more uniform, which implies the vortices round no role in affecting the flow at these distances away from the centreline. It can as well be seen that the flow speed at these distances increases as the flow diverges and accelerates around the cylinder. 11) Plot a graph video display the variation of mean vel ocity, RMS velocity and turbulence intensity with distance across the wake. What physical phenomena in the flow are causing the distribution to be the shape they are?What do the results say about the size of it of the wake compared to the size of the cylinder? Figure 23 Figure 24 Figure 25 The vortices in the flow cause turbulence to occur behind the cylinder which causes the distributions to change. It can be seen from figure 23 that the velocity changes instantaneously as you move away from the centreline, it can also be observed that from 45mm away and more the velocity start to become more uniform and oscillate around the free stream velocity. From figure 25 and 25 from 45mm and onwards the RMS and RTI decrease.From the above graphs it can be deduced that the size of the wake is 45mm from the centreline or a total width of 90mm, which is 6 times the diameter of the cylinder. 12) What are the major sources of error likely to be in this experiment? Try and give a numeric e stimate to the possible error(s) in the data. Some of the likely sources of error that may occur during this experiment are the calibration process as the hotwire was only calibrated at the centreline and as the hotwire was lowered using acknowledge mechanism which it not all accurate, there was no calibration of the at the new position.Another source of error can be due to compress fluctuations, and due to the velocity being measured using the pressure differences, these fluctuation can cause the velocity to vary. Another source of error could be the assumption of the flow being 2-d as turbulence is a 3-d. To calculate the error, I used the measured velocity accede and the theoretical linear calibration velocity. Taking the average error, the percentage error in the experimental data was 5. 8%. Within a range Can not measure supersonic velocitiesHot telegram LaboratoryTHE UNIVERISTY OF MANCHESTER SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL, AEROSPACE AND CIVIL ENGINEERING LABORATORY REPORT INSTRUMENT ATION AND MEASUREMENT VORTEX SHEDDING FROM A CYLINDER & DATA ACQUISITION NAMEMANISH PITROLA STUDENT ID75050320 COURSEMEng MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DUE DATE27TH NOVEMBER 2012 1) What are the main advantages and disadvantages of using a hotwire to measure flow velocities?There are many advantages and disadvantages of using a hotwire to measure flow velocities, one of the main advantages is the hotwire produces a continuous analogue output of the velocity at a particular point, and hence information about the velocity can be obtained for any specific time. Another advantage of using a hotwire anemometer is the ability to follow fluctuating velocities to a high accuracy. Also another advantage of using a hotwire anemometer is the sensor is able to relate the voltage and the velocity using hotwire theory. However even though hotwire anemometer is an adequate tool to obtain data it has its drawbacks.Read thisRespiratory ActivityOne disadvantage of using a hotwire is that it has to be calibr ated due to the theory not coinciding with actual data and the hotwire can only obtain the magnitude of the flow and not the direction. Another disadvantage of using a hotwire is the unsystematic effects that occur such as contamination and probe vibration. Some systematic effects that affect the data are the ambient temperatures and eddy shedding from the wire. One of the main disadvantages of using a hotwire is the output depends on both velocity and temperature, so when the temperature of a fluid increases the measured velocity obtained are too low and adjustment is required. ) Why is setting the correct sampling rate important in digital data acquisition? What experimental parameters or requirements can be used to establish the optimum sampling rate? What may happen if the wrong sampling rate is used? Using the correct sampling rate is important because if the incorrect sampling rate is used some aliasing effects may occur, presenting insufficient data where important data is ig nored if the sampling rate is below the optimum, and if the sampling rate is above the optimum more accurate data is obtained which carries the same trend as the optimum with few distortion which are not required.This can cause inadequacy of the data, where recording is not frequent enough or too frequent. The optimum sampling rate can be established using the Nyquist theory which states that the maximum measures frequency is half the sampling frequency, however the bandwidth of the signal needs to considered, the rule for obtaining the sampling frequency of any probe must be at least 2. 5 times greater than the maximum frequency present. 3) Show how the sampling rate was determined for this experiment.What was the sampling rate? For a flow around a cylinder an empirical relation between the vortex shedding frequency and Reynolds number (Re) is used to find the sampling rate. The relationship below is used to find the frequency in the flow where the Strouhal number is 0. 2, diameter (d) is 15mm and the free stream velocity (U0) is 10m/s. St=fdU0=0. 1981-19. 7Re? 0. 2 Then by simple algebraic rearranging the frequency is found to be 133. 3Hz. Therefore the maximum frequency experienced is 2f = 2*133. 3 = 266. 6Hz.To obtain the optimum sampling frequency we simply by using Nyquist theory multiply the maximum frequency by 2. 5 providing an optimum sampling rate of 666. 5Hz. The values for the sampling rate were taken as 330Hz, 660Hz and 1320Hz for experimental purposes to study the over and under sampling of data. 4) In the experiment the hotwire was calibrated in terms of velocity vs (E-E0)2. Plot out the calibrations for U = B((E-E0)2)n and the various polynomials. Compare the different lines. Which is the best to use? Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 From the above graphs is can be seen that the best calibration to use is the cubic calibration (figure 2) as this fits the actual velocity line more accurately. 5) If the velocity higher than the ones ca librated foer was measured, which calibration is likely to give the best extrapolated data? Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 From the above graphs it can be seen that the worse extrapolated data is found using the quartic calibration and the best extrapolated data can be found using the linear calibration of A(V-Vo2)n.Also higher order polynomial extrapolation can produce invalid values and as a result the error will magnify as high order of polynomials are used, so therefore the linear relationship is recommended. 6) In a fast Fourier transform (FFT) the data in the time domain is converted to the equivalent data in the frequency domain. The original data can therefore be considered as the sum of a series of sine waves of regularly spaced frequencies, with different magnitudes and phases. How is the frequency interval in the FFT determined? How can the frequency interval in an FFT be reduced?What impact could this have on an experiment? The frequency interval can be obta ined by dividing the sampling rate by the number of samples used. For 660Hz the number of samples is 1024, so therefore the frequency interval is 660/1024 = 0. 6445. The frequency intervals can be reduced by increasing the number of samples used this is advantageous as it gives a more accurate representation of the original signal. 7) Considering the FFT data, what can be done in an experiment to isolate genuine signals from random fluctuations in the data? Give an example of this in graphical form.Figure 9 Figure 10 From figure 9 it can be seen that the peak is unobtainable as the data is very noisy which could be due to disturbances. However this can be overcome by averaging the FFT which allows us to easily identify peaks which can be seen from figure 10. 8) In this experiment, why are 2 frequency peaks seen on the FFT when the hotwire is near the centre line? 2 frequency peaks can be seen on the FFT at the centreline due to the 2 vortices induced by the cylinder but as you m ove away from the centre line only one of the vortices is predominant.The two peaks occur at 129Hz and 250Hz. 9) With increasing distance from the centreline, how does the FFT distribution change? Include graphs to illustrate this for various locations across the wake. From the below figures it can be seen that as you move away from the centre line the peaks in the FFT distribution disappear. Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 10) Plot the probability distribution histograms of velocity for various positions across the wake.What does the histogram show and how can the variation in the histograms be explained in terms of the properties of the flow? Figure 17 Figure 18 Figure 19 Figure 20 Figure 21 Figure 22 By comparing the above probability distribution figures it can be seen that with distance away from the centreline the flow velocity develops a more uniform velocity. It can be seen that within the 40mm distance away from the centre line, the probability distribution of the velocity produces wide distribution of velocities this is due to the various velocities inside the wake and turbulence.For distance more than 40mm away the probability distribution of velocity becomes more uniform, which implies the vortices play no role in affecting the flow at these distances away from the centreline. It can also be seen that the flow speed at these distances increases as the flow diverges and accelerates around the cylinder. 11) Plot a graph showing the variation of mean velocity, RMS velocity and turbulence intensity with distance across the wake. What physical phenomena in the flow are causing the distribution to be the shape they are?What do the results say about the size of the wake compared to the size of the cylinder? Figure 23 Figure 24 Figure 25 The vortices in the flow cause turbulence to occur behind the cylinder which causes the distributions to change. It can be seen from figure 23 that the velocity chan ges instantaneously as you move away from the centreline, it can also be observed that from 45mm away and more the velocity start to become more uniform and fluctuate around the free stream velocity. From figure 25 and 25 from 45mm and onwards the RMS and RTI decrease.From the above graphs it can be deduced that the size of the wake is 45mm from the centreline or a total width of 90mm, which is 6 times the diameter of the cylinder. 12) What are the major sources of error likely to be in this experiment? Try and give a numerical estimate to the possible error(s) in the data. Some of the likely sources of error that may occur during this experiment are the calibration process as the hotwire was only calibrated at the centreline and as the hotwire was lowered using screw mechanism which it not totally accurate, there was no calibration of the at the new position.Another source of error can be due to pressure fluctuations, and due to the velocity being measured using the pressure differ ences, these fluctuation can cause the velocity to vary. Another source of error could be the assumption of the flow being 2-d as turbulence is a 3-d. To calculate the error, I used the measured velocity table and the theoretical linear calibration velocity. Taking the average error, the percentage error in the experimental data was 5. 8%. Within a range Can not measure supersonic velocities

Conflict between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth Essay

Choose a play in which there is a conflict mingled with key characters. Explain how the conflict arises and, by referring to appropriate techniques, go on to say how the conflict adds tension to the play, and whether is it resolved.William Shakespeares shortest tragedy Macbeth, charts the rise and square off of the titular character and his wife, gentlewoman Macbeth. Macbeth is oneness of the kings most trusted thanes, a worthy cousin, but he betrays that trust and murders the king after being manipulated into agreeing to commit the crime by his ambitious wife. This conflict drives a wedge between the characters and creates tension at a number of points in the play. Eventually all of their high treason is discovered, and Macbeth and his wife both face terrible consequences for their earlier actions.The conflict first arises between the key characters, Macbeth and gentlewoman Macbeth, when Macbeth arrives home from battle. After the battle Macbeth came across the weird sisters, who hailed him as king hereafter. His ambition is instantaneously made known to the audience in his soliloquy where he admits his black and deep desires, although he reasons with himself and comes to the termination that If chance will have me king, why chance may crown me without my stir. However, Macbeths dearest provide of greatness is extremely ambitious and is already set on murdering the king so that herself and her husband evict claim the crown and is angry when she discovers that he has had a change of pith. gentlewoman Macbeth soon overcomes this, as she is as cunning as she is ambitious, manipulating her husband by questioning his manhood and calling him a coward.After the murder, Macbeth today regrets it and further conflict is created between the characters as Lady Macbeth has to interfere and plants the bloody daggers on the drugged guards, as her husband is too shaken to do it. Macbeth rambles that he has murdered sleep. She scolds him for being so weak, tellin g him, My hands are of your colour but I would shame to wear a nubble so white, and that a little water will clear them of the deed. The two characters will experience a role coke later on in the play.Although they have achieved their goal, Macbeth is still unhappy as he views himself as having a fruitless crown, as he and his wife have no heir. there is also tension created between Macbeth and Banquo, as Macbeth fears Banquo suspects him of the murder, as well as the witches prophecy that Banquo shalt get kings, which is leaden on Macbeths mind. To solve his problem, Macbeth hires assassins to murder his friends, as tells the assassins that Banquos young, innocent son should also take up the fate of that dark hour. Macbeth does not consort with his wife about their murder, which is on of the early signs that their kin is beginning to deteriorate due to the tension caused by the original murder.There is tension in the renowned Banquet Scene, which is a turning point for Macbe th and the point in the play where he fully commits to evil. Macbeths psychotic break during which he sees Banquos bloodied ghost causes tension as it is viewed by his royal lords and kinsmen and gives them reason to believe there is something amiss. Lady Macbeth tried to pull her husband together, ask him Are you a man?, again trying to manipulate him by challenging his manhood. Although this worked before, it doesnt now. This could be due to the murder of the king changing Macbeth as a man, but murder is not tender to Macbeth so it is much more likely that the conflict earlier on in the play has caused a loss of respect and closeness between himself and his wife.As the play goes on, Macbeth and his wife grow further apart. Macbeth becomes the one full of direst cruelty, who seems ruthless and remorseless and Lady Macbeth is the one who cannot have a peaceful sleep. This role reversal is a common theme in many of Shakespeares dramas. Tension is created as while Lady Macbeth is a sleep, she imagines blood on her hands, saying Out damned spot, and reveals her and Macbeths delinquency to her hand beginning(a) and the doctor. Lady Macbeth eventually commits suicide, so the conflict is unresolved. Upon hearing the nears Macbeth simply says, She should have died hereafter. It is not long until he also dies, which is a direct result of the original murder of the king.In conclusion, the conflict first arises between the key characters, Macbethand Lady Macbeth, when they decide to murder the king but then Macbeth has a change of heart and has to be bullied into it by his wife. Further tension is created between the key characters after the murder due to guilt and the psychological consequences take a toll on Macbeth, as well as his wife, in several(predicate) ways. Macbeth and his wife experience a role reversal and grow further apart until eventually Lady Macbeth commits suicide, unable to deal with her guilt and Macbeth dies soon after in an equally gruesome ma nner. The conflict is not resolved as there is no reconciliation between the key characters.

Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature Sample

CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF tie in LITERATURE AND STUDIES FOREIGN STUDIES In its broadest sense, impeachment is the process by which public officials may be remove from post on the basis of their conduct. Strictly speaking, it is the decision by a legislature to accuse an official of unity or more offenses that warrant removal according to constitutional standards. A vote to impeach past triggers a trial based on those charges. The most famous impeachment proceedings have involved presidents, save every state has its own procedures. Most follow the federal official model in general, barely alter widely in their specifics.At the federal level, impeachment starts in the House of Representatives, where members may initiate colonys to impeach a sit down president. The House judicatory Committee decides if a resolution merits a formal impeachment inquiry. A simple bulk vote in the full House can launch a formal inquiry. The House Judiciary Committee conducts an investigation to determ ine if eachegations against a president warrant charges, or articles of impeachment. If a simple majority of the full House votes to charge a president with at least one article of impeachment, that bill of indictment will move to the Senate for trial.At that point, the president has been impeached by the House. House members act as or appoint congressional prosecutors. The chief justice of the Supreme Court presides over the trial in the Senate chamber. A two-thirds vote is needed to convict and remove from parting. The U. S. Constitution states that, The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanours. (Article II, Section). The House of Representatives has impeached two Presidents Andrew Johnson and vertex Clinton.Johnson was charged in 1868 with eight articles of impeachment, barely was acquitted by a single vote in the Senate trial (depicted in the above engraving). Bill Clinton was charged with four articles of impeachment by the House in 1998, that was acquitted by the Senate early the next year. Richard Nixon resigned in 1974 before a final vote in the full House could send him to trial on three articles of impeachment. Each state constitution outlines a unique impeachment procedure, including variations on the list of impeachable offenses, protocol for an impeachment trial and the body responsible for an initial investigation.According to the Associated Press, seven governors in U. S. history have been removed from office following impeachment proceedings. The National Conference of State Legislatures said that a longer list would include states that have investigated governors for alleged offenses, voted to impeach a governor forward of a trial, or held trials that resulted in acquittal. The notwithstanding governor to be removed from office in the last 80 years was Gov.Evan Mecham of Arizona, w ho was convicted in 1988 of obstructing justice and misusing $80,000 in state money that he was charged with funnelling to his car enfranchisement to keep it afloat. In January 2008, the Illinois House of Representatives voted 114-1 to impeach Gov. Rod Blagojevich for abuse of source in connection with the federal investigation that had led to his arrest the month before. Mr. Blagojevich was charged with trying to sell the Senate seat vacated by Barack Obama and with seeking to extort campaign contributions in return for official actions, including providing reimbursement to a hospital.Following the process that has been generally adopted by state legislatures in recent decades, the Illinois House created a special investigative committee, which made a tribute in favor of impeachment to the entire body. In all states except Alaska, Nebraska and Oregon, the House votes on articles of impeachment ahead of a trial. In Alaska, the process is reversed, according to The Book of States. That states Senate must impeach a governor by voting on impeachment articles in order to initiate a trial in the House. Nebraska is the only state with a unicameral legislature.Without a state House, the Nebraska Senate votes to impeach before passing articles on to the state Supreme Court for a trial. Oregon is the only state without constitutional provisions for impeachment of a governor or other executive and judicial officers, according to the NCSL. Those officials may be removed from office, but not by the states legislature. State courts in Oregon may try public officials for criminal offenses, but the procedure depends upon the jurisdiction of a crime. LOCAL STUDIES Section 1, Article XI of the 1987 Constitution declares that Public office is a public trust.Public officers and employees must at all times be accountable to the people, serve them with extent responsibility, integrity, loyalty, and efficiency, act with patriotism and justice, andlead modest lives. These words echo loud and brighten today as our countrys leaders find themselves at the brink of conducting this constitutional process. Impeachment has been defined as a national inquest into the conduct of public men. It is a incumbent safeguard to ensure that public officers have the object lesson fitness and integrity to fulfil their mandate.The provisions on impeachment are enshrined in Article XI of the 1987 Constitution. below the Constitution only the following public officers may be impeached The President, Vice-President, the Members of the Supreme Court, the Members of the Constitutional Commissions, and the Ombudsman. This list of officers is exclusive. any(prenominal) other public officers and employees may be removed from office as provided by law, but not by impeachment. The grounds for impeachment are culpable violation of the Constitution, treason, bribery, graft and corruption, other high crimes, or treason of public trust.These grounds are exclusive and offenses not f alling inwardly these parameters shall not be adapted for impeachment purposes. The process begins at the House of Representatives, which has the exclusive power to initiate all cases of impeachment. A verified bearing must be filed by either a Member of the House of Representatives or by any citizen upon a resolution of endorsement by any Member thereof. Once the verified complaint has been filed it shall be included in the Order of Business within ten session days, and referred to the proper Committee within three session days thereafter.The Committee, after hearing, and by a majority vote of all its Members, shall put up its report to the House within sixty session days from such referral, together with the corresponding resolution. The resolution shall be calendared for consideration by the House within ten session days from receipt thereof. In the committee hearings, a vote of at least tercet of all the Members of the House shall be necessary either to affirm a favourable resolution with the Articles of Impeachment of the Committee, or override its contrary resolution.The vote of each Member shall be recorded. If however, the verified complaint or resolution of impeachment is filed by at least one-third of all the Members of the House, the same shall constitute the Articles of Impeachment, and trial by the Senate shall forthwith proceed. The Senate has the sole power of sole power to try and decide all cases of impeachment. When sitting for that purpose, the Senators shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of the Philippines is on trial, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court shall preside, but shall not vote.No person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of all the Members of the Senate. The person impeached shall beremoved from officeand shall bedisqualified to hold any office low the Republic of the Philippines, but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to prosecution, trial, and punishment a ccording to law. It is clear that the liability does not end at the Senate, the person impeached shall also be held for appropriate action as a result of his illegal and improper acts.

Psychology and Biology Essay

The essay will pose with an introduction to each go on, giving principal(prenominal) assumptions and supporting evidence. Following this, the two theories will be comp atomic number 18d and contrasted, face at strengths and weaknesses. In conclusion there will be a short explanation of the main argonas of similarity, and differencesPsychology and its many definitions has changed radically and frequently over time, as an independent area of study. There are many different theoretical views, some conflicting, regarding the most appropriate methods for investigating human nature. The approaches chosen to talk virtually in this essay are biology psychology and comparative degree psychology.Biopsychology is the scientific study of the biology of behavior.Some reference to this field as psychobiology,behavioural biology,behavioural neuroscience.It is an integrative discipline. The study of the biology of behaviour has a long explanation,but biopsychology did non go into a major n euroscientific discipline until this century.Biopsychologists draw together knowledge from the early(a) neuroscientific disciplines and apply it to the study of behaviour. Biopsychologists are neuroscientists who brings to their research a knowledge of behaviour and the methods of behavioural research. They uses animal(prenominal)s because their methods of study can not be utilise with humans.Comparative psychology is the branch of psychology concerned with the study of animal behaviour. Modern research on animal behaviour began with the work of Charles Darwin and Georges Romanes and has continued to grow into a multidisciplinary subject. Today, biologists, psychologists, anthropologists, ecologists, geneticists and many others contribute to the study of animal behaviour.Comparative psychologists compare the behaviour of different species and focus on the genetics,evolution and adaptivness of behaviour.Historically,comparative psychologists shit focused on the experimental inv estigating of animal behaviour in controlled laboratory environments.Modern comparative psychology as well as encompasses the study of animal behaviour in its natural environment.For Biopsychology,biological bases halt been found for a range of psychological disorders. Schizophrenics, for example, have been found to have different brain structures to other people, with smaller brains and higher-than-normal levels of dopamine.Looking at the chemical make-up of the brain has utmostt to the boffo production of a range of drug treatments in recent decades that have helped in the treatment of a variety of issues, including Prozac (for depression), schizophrenia.However,The biological approach in psychology is highly reductionist in its approach to the complexity of human behavior and emotion. Reducing our feelings and reactions to robot-like behavior is not only unethical, it similarly ignores the factors in our any day environment our childhood experiences and the influence and behavior of friends and media that have been found to affect us.Many drug treatments have unwanted side-effects.Claims, for example, that Prozac can cause violent behavior after taking it, are not uncommon, so the claim that the biological approach can produce effective treatment.Drugs only treat the biologically-visible effects, not the causes of problems. Childhood experiences that cause trauma and depression during adulthood may be better treated by confronting our past than by using anti-depressants.Different with biopsychology,Comparative psychology often utilizes the comparative method to study animal behavior. The comparative method involves comparing the similarities and differences among species to gain and understanding of evolutionary relationships. The comparative method can also be used to compare modern species of animals to ancient species.The study of animal behavior can lead to a deeper and broader understanding of human psychology. Research on animal behavior has led to numerous discoveries ab aside human behavior, such as Ivan Pavlovs research on classical conditioning or twoer Harlows work with rhesus monkeys. Students of biological sciences and social sciences can benefit from studying comparative psychology.The strengths of the comparative psychology is that it is easy to find out and analyse the statistics of human psychology and the results are always believable.In addition,it is also clear to show the relationships between different variable quantities.However,there is a weakness that it is hard to find out the conclusion of the cause and effect and the experiments are always inflexible.Also,most of the experiments require a lot of manpower and genuine resources.If the approaches are compared in terms of the nature nurture debate, common ground is found, both believe an several(prenominal)s personality develops as they grow, therefore, they are on the nurture side of the argument as debate to nature, which suggests people are bo rn with genetic dispositions and only possess innate, inherited personality. (Carlson 1990)In conclusion both have fundamental differences and share many attributes, comparative psychologists believe the unconscious has no bearing on behaviour, opposed to biology psychologists belief that unconscious drives are the reason we behave as we do, one is scientific, the other isnt and they both use very different therapies to treat patients. The similarities between the approaches begin as far back as evolution and Darwins theory, they share determinism and both fall into the nurture side of the dandy debate.However, it is fair to say, that even with their many differences and similarities, these approaches have made the biggest contribution to this science of the mind and made history with different therapeutic techniques.Reference listsSimmon Green(1994) Principles of Biopsychology. Lawrence erlbaum associates ltd.John P.J Pinel(1999) Biopsychology . A Pearson Education Company.